Import/Export Guide

Complete Guide to Importing Copper & Aluminum

Documentation, Standards, Quality Verification & Best Practices for International Metal Trading

12 min read
Updated December 2024
By ZeVo Metals Team
Section 1

Essential Import Documentation

Every metal import shipment requires proper documentation to clear customs smoothly. Missing or incorrect documents can result in delays, additional costs, or shipment rejection.

Required Documents Checklist

1

Commercial Invoice

The most critical document. Must include: seller & buyer details, product description, HS codes, quantity, unit price, total value, payment terms, and Incoterms (FOB, CIF, CFR, etc.).

Pro Tip: Ensure the product description matches exactly with the Mill Test Certificate. Any mismatch can trigger customs inspection.

2

Bill of Lading (B/L) or Airway Bill (AWB)

Proof of shipment and contract of carriage. Ocean freight uses B/L, air freight uses AWB. This document is required to claim your goods at the port.

Bill of Lading Types:

  • Original B/L: Negotiable document
  • Telex Release: Electronic release
  • Sea Waybill: Non-negotiable

Must Include:

  • • Shipper & consignee details
  • • Container/seal numbers
  • • Cargo description & weight
3

Packing List

Detailed breakdown of package contents, dimensions, weights (gross & net), and package numbers. Essential for customs valuation and logistics planning.

Should Specify:

✓ Number of packages
✓ Package dimensions
✓ Gross & net weight per package
✓ Total volume (CBM)
4

Certificate of Origin (COO)

Certifies the country where goods were manufactured. Required for tariff determination and trade agreements. May be issued by Chamber of Commerce or manufacturer.

Important: Some countries require preferential COO for reduced tariffs under trade agreements (FTA). Check your country's agreements.

5

Mill Test Certificate (MTC) / Material Test Report (MTR)

The most important quality document. Shows chemical composition, mechanical properties, heat treatment details, and confirms material meets specified standards (ASTM, EN, ISO, DIN).

MTC Should Include:

  • ✓ Chemical composition (%) of all elements
  • ✓ Tensile strength, yield strength, elongation
  • ✓ Hardness values
  • ✓ Heat number / batch code
  • ✓ Standard compliance (ASTM B152, etc.)

Verification:

  • ✓ Lab accreditation (ISO 17025)
  • ✓ Authorized signatures & stamps
  • ✓ Test date (should be recent)
  • ✓ Match with commercial invoice
6

Import License (Country-Specific)

Some countries require an import license or permit for metal imports. Check with your country's customs authority or a licensed customs broker.

Contact your local customs authority or use online tools like World Trade Organization (WTO) databases to verify if your country requires special permits.

7

Insurance Certificate (If Applicable)

Required if shipping terms are CIF (Cost, Insurance & Freight). Protects against loss or damage during transit. Recommended even for FOB shipments.

Typical Coverage: 110% of invoice value covering all risks from warehouse to destination

Expert Tips for Documentation

  • Always request original documents or certified copies. Photocopies may be rejected by banks and customs.
  • Verify all details match across documents - product name, quantity, HS code, and value must be consistent.
  • Use a licensed customs broker for your first few shipments to ensure compliance and smooth clearance.
  • Keep digital and physical copies of all documents for at least 5 years for audit and warranty purposes.
Section 2

HS Codes for Copper & Aluminum

Harmonized System (HS) codes are internationally standardized 6-digit codes used to classify traded products. Correct HS codes determine tariffs, taxes, and trade restrictions.

Why HS Codes Matter

  • Determines import duties: Wrong code = wrong tariff rate = potential fines or shipment delays
  • Legal compliance: Required by customs authorities worldwide; incorrect codes can result in penalties
  • Trade statistics: Governments use HS codes to track import/export data and apply trade policies
  • Restrictions & licensing: Some codes may require additional permits or face import quotas

Common Copper Product HS Codes

Copper Cathodes

7403.11

Refined copper cathodes and sections of cathodes, unwrought. Minimum 99.99% purity (Grade A copper).

Typical Tariff: 0-6% depending on destination country and trade agreements

Copper Wire Rod

7408.11

Copper wire of refined copper (minimum 99.85% Cu), used for electrical applications, cables, and wiring.

Note: Different codes for diameter <6mm (7408.11) vs diameter ≥6mm (7408.19)

Copper Plates, Sheets & Strips

7409.xx

Flat-rolled copper products, thickness >0.15mm. Further subdivided by alloy and thickness.

7409.11 - Refined copper, rolled
7409.21 - Copper-zinc alloy (brass)
7409.31 - Copper-tin alloy (bronze)
7409.40 - Copper-nickel alloy

Copper Tubes & Pipes

7411.xx

Hollow copper products for plumbing, HVAC, and industrial applications.

7411.10 - Refined copper tubes
7411.21 - Copper-zinc alloy tubes

Copper Bars, Rods & Profiles

7407.xx

Solid copper bars and profiles for machining and fabrication.

Subdivisions: 7407.10 (refined copper), 7407.21 (brass bars)

Common Aluminum Product HS Codes

Aluminum Unwrought (Ingots)

7601.xx

Primary aluminum ingots, alloyed or not alloyed.

7601.10 - Aluminum, not alloyed
7601.20 - Aluminum alloys

Aluminum Bars, Rods & Profiles

7604.xx

Extruded aluminum profiles, solid bars, and rods.

7604.10 - Not alloyed aluminum
7604.29 - Aluminum alloy profiles

Aluminum Plates, Sheets & Strips

7606.xx

Flat-rolled aluminum, thickness >0.2mm. Common in aerospace, automotive, and construction.

7606.11 - Not alloyed, rectangular
7606.12 - Alloy, rectangular

Aluminum Foil

7607.xx

Thin aluminum foil, thickness ≤0.2mm, used in packaging, insulation, and electronics.

Note: Further classified by backing (paper, plastic) and whether rolled or not

Aluminum Wire

7605.xx

Aluminum wire for electrical conductors and cables.

7605.11 - Not alloyed, max cross-section >7mm
7605.21 - Alloyed aluminum wire

How to Find the Correct HS Code

Use Official Tools

  • • World Customs Organization (WCO) HS Database
  • • Your country's customs website
  • • Trade.gov (USA) or equivalent
  • • EU's TARIC database (Europe)

Consult Experts

  • • Licensed customs broker
  • • Freight forwarder
  • • Your supplier (they should know)
  • • Trade consultant

Pro Tip: HS codes can be 6, 8, or 10 digits depending on the country. The first 6 digits are internationally standardized. Your destination country adds additional digits for more specific classification.

Section 3

ASTM & International Standards

Standards ensure materials meet specific chemical, mechanical, and physical requirements. Understanding these specifications protects you from receiving substandard materials.

ASTM

ASTM International

American Standards (Global)

Most widely recognized standards worldwide. Used in Americas, Asia, Middle East, and accepted globally for metal trading.

Website: www.astm.org
EN

European Standards

EN Standards (Europe)

Mandatory for European Union trade. Similar to ASTM but with different numbering and some specification differences.

Managed by: CEN (European Committee for Standardization)
ISO

ISO Standards

International Standards

International Organization for Standardization. Harmonized global standards often referenced alongside ASTM or EN.

Website: www.iso.org
DIN

DIN Standards

German Standards

Deutsches Institut für Normung. Widely used in engineering and manufacturing, especially in Europe and Asia.

Website: www.din.de

Essential Copper Standards

ASTM B152 Most Common

Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate & Rolled Bar

Standard specification for copper sheet, strip, plate, and rolled bar products.

Covered Grades
  • C10100: Oxygen-Free Electronic (OFE) - 99.99% Cu min
  • C10200: Oxygen-Free (OF) - 99.95% Cu min
  • C11000: Electrolytic Tough Pitch (ETP) - 99.90% Cu min
  • C12200: Phosphorus Deoxidized (DHP) - 99.90% Cu min
Key Requirements
  • • Chemical composition limits
  • • Temper designations (H, O, etc.)
  • • Tensile strength minimums
  • • Electrical conductivity (% IACS)
  • • Surface finish requirements

Buyer Tip: Always verify the grade on the Mill Test Certificate matches your purchase order. C11000 (ETP) is most common for electrical applications due to cost-performance balance.

ASTM B187

Copper Bus Bar, Rod & Shapes

For electrical bus bars, rods, and shapes requiring high conductivity.

Typical Grades:

  • • C10200 (OF Copper)
  • • C11000 (ETP Copper)

Applications:

  • • Electrical switchgear
  • • Power distribution panels
ASTM B75

Seamless Copper Tube

For plumbing, HVAC, refrigeration, and general applications.

Type K (Thick Wall):

Underground water lines, high-pressure applications

Type L (Medium Wall):

Interior plumbing, standard applications

Essential Aluminum Standards

ASTM B209 Most Important

Aluminum & Aluminum-Alloy Sheet & Plate

Covers flat-rolled aluminum products 0.006 to 6 inches thick.

Common Alloys:
  • 3003: General purpose, good corrosion resistance
  • 5052: Marine applications, high strength
  • 6061: Structural, heat treatable, most popular
  • 7075: Aerospace, ultra-high strength
Temper Designations:
  • -O: Annealed (softest)
  • -H: Strain hardened
  • -T4: Solution heat treated
  • -T6: Solution heat treated & aged (strongest)

Critical Check: Verify both alloy AND temper on MTC. 6061-T6 has completely different properties than 6061-O.

ASTM B221

Aluminum & Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles & Tubes

For extruded aluminum products including structural shapes, window frames, and profiles.

Popular Alloys:

6061, 6063, 6082

Applications:

Construction, automotive

Typical Temper:

T4, T6, T6511

ASTM B241

Aluminum & Aluminum-Alloy Seamless Pipe & Seamless Extruded Tube

For pressure piping, fluid transport, and structural tubing applications.

Common Uses:

Compressed air systems, irrigation, hydraulic lines, chemical transport

Standard Equivalency Chart

Different regions use different standard systems. Here's how they compare:

Copper Standards

ASTM B152 EN 1652
ASTM B75 EN 1057
C11000 (UNS) Cu-ETP (EN)

Aluminum Standards

ASTM B209 EN 485
ASTM B221 EN 755
6061 (AA) AlMg1SiCu (EN)

Note: While standards may be "equivalent," always verify exact specifications. Small differences in composition or mechanical properties can exist.

Section 4

Quality Verification Process

Verifying material quality before shipment protects your investment. Here's how to ensure you receive exactly what you ordered.

1

Request Mill Test Certificate (MTC) Before Payment

Always request and verify the MTC before making full payment. This is your primary quality assurance document.

What to Verify

  • ✓ Heat/batch number matches packaging
  • ✓ Chemical composition within spec
  • ✓ Mechanical properties meet standard
  • ✓ Test date is recent (within 6 months)
  • ✓ Lab certification/accreditation

Red Flags

  • ✗ Generic or photocopied certificates
  • ✗ Missing lab stamps/signatures
  • ✗ Values exactly on specification limits
  • ✗ Supplier refuses to provide MTC
  • ✗ Test dates older than 1 year

Pro Tip: Request MTCs for multiple random coils/bundles from the lot. This prevents suppliers from showing you only the best piece.

2

Third-Party Inspection (Highly Recommended)

For large orders or first-time suppliers, hire an independent inspection company to verify quality before shipment.

SGS

Global leader in inspection

www.sgs.com

Bureau Veritas

Worldwide inspection

www.bureauveritas.com

Intertek

Quality assurance

www.intertek.com

Standard Inspection Includes:

Visual inspection for defects
Dimensional measurements
Verification of packaging & marking
MTC document verification
Quantity verification
Photographic documentation

Cost: Typically $300-800 USD for standard inspection. Worth every penny for orders over $10,000.

3

Verify Material Markings & Traceability

Quality materials should have permanent markings for traceability. This allows you to trace material back to its origin.

What Should Be Marked:

  • Grade/Alloy: C11000, 6061-T6, etc.
  • Heat/Lot Number: Batch identification
  • Standard: ASTM B152, etc.
  • Manufacturer: Mill or supplier name

Marking Methods:

  • Stamped: Die-stamped into metal (most permanent)
  • Stenciled: Paint marking (for large surfaces)
  • Tagged: Metal tag attached to bundle
  • Laser Engraved: Permanent laser marking
4

Request Material Samples (For New Suppliers)

Before placing a large order with a new supplier, request samples for your own testing or third-party verification.

Sample Testing Options:

Local Lab Testing

Send samples to accredited lab in your country for chemical analysis and mechanical testing. Cost: $100-300 per sample.

XRF Analysis

X-Ray Fluorescence testing for quick chemical composition verification. Non-destructive, instant results. Cost: $50-150.

In-House Application Testing

Test material in your actual application to verify performance, machinability, formability, or weldability.

Pre-Shipment Quality Checklist

Use this checklist before approving shipment:

Key Takeaways

Successful metal importing requires attention to documentation, standards, and quality verification. Here's what to remember:

Documentation is Critical

Complete, accurate documentation prevents delays and ensures smooth customs clearance. Never skip the Mill Test Certificate verification.

Use Correct HS Codes

Wrong codes lead to incorrect tariffs, penalties, and shipment delays. Verify with customs broker or official databases.

Know Your Standards

ASTM, EN, ISO, and DIN standards ensure quality. Always specify the exact standard and verify compliance through MTCs.

Verify Before Payment

Third-party inspection is worth the cost for large orders. Request samples and verify material quality before final payment.

Let ZeVo Metals Handle the Complexity

With 8+ years of experience in copper and aluminum exports, we ensure every shipment meets international standards with complete documentation and quality verification.

99.8%
Quality Pass Rate
30+
Countries Served
100%
Document Accuracy

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